Posts Tagged ‘Times Leader’

By Andrew M. Sederaseder@timesleader.com
Times Leader Staff Writer

Victoria Switzer watches the trucks, at least 100 of them she estimates, ramble past her Dimock Township home every day. They go back and forth from the Cabot Oil and Gas drill sites, hauling equipment, waste water and materials.

She worries what would happen if there was a spill, if the operator wasn’t properly licensed, if the truck wasn’t mechanically sound.

For years she’s been calling state officials and complaining about their speed, their actions and what she saw as violations. Last week some agencies heeded the call of Switzer and others like her and made a concerted effort to send a message to the truck operators that though they are permitted to operate, they need to do so legally.

During a three-day enforcement effort last week that focused on trucks hauling waste water from Marcellus Shale natural gas drilling operations across the state, the state police placed 250 commercial vehicles out of service.

State Police Commissioner Frank E. Pawlowski said state troopers worked in partnership with personnel from the Department of Environmental Protection, the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission and the federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration as part of Operation FracNET.

In total, 1,137 trucks were inspected from June 14-16.

“Pennsylvania has experienced significant increases in heavy truck traffic in areas where Marcellus Shale natural gas drilling operations are taking place, particularly in Bradford, Clearfield, Susquehanna, Tioga and Washington counties,” Pawlowski said. “The process of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, requires significant amounts of water to be delivered to the sites and later trucked away.”

He said the enforcement effort centered on identifying commercial vehicle safety deficiencies that could lead to crashes. Pawlowski said 131 of the 250 vehicles placed out of service were trucks hauling waste water. He said 669 traffic citations and 818 written warnings were issued as the result of waste water truck inspections. In addition, 23 of the 45 drivers placed out of service during the operation were waste water vehicle operators.

“As activities at natural gas sites continue to increase, it is important that everyone involved, including the waste transportation industry, understands Pennsylvania’s environmental and traffic safety laws and complies with them,” said DEP Secretary John Hanger.

“Cracking down, I’m thrilled to see it,” said Switzer, who is one of a dozen property owners in the Susquehanna County township that have had their well water polluted by oil drilling. “Better late than never.”

Mark Carmon, spokesman for DEP’s Northeast Regional office, said that three trucks were cited in Susquehanna County out of the 30 that were stopped. Two of the trucks were not carrying Prevention Preparedness Contingency plans, which list what chemicals are being hauled, emergency contact numbers in case of a spill and plans for cleanup. One of the trucks did not have proof of waste hauling certification, and one truck did not have its waste log book listing what it was hauling and from and to where.

Carmon said the operation provided “a good opportunity to check these trucks” and said it will be an ongoing measure.

Lt. Myra A. Taylor, a state police spokeswoman, said a decision was made to “make a concerted effort to blitz these particular areas,” in part, because of concerns raised by residents.

“I applaud the citizenry,” Taylor said. And she echoed Carmon’s comments that these inspections will not be a one-time event.

“We will be ever vigilant,” she said.

State Rep. Karen Boback, R-Harveys Lake, praised the offices involved in the operation.

“I applaud our state agencies and the state police for working together to monitor frack water hauling operations. It is vital that we continue to scrutinize every phase, aspect and offshoot of the drilling process, and I encourage law enforcement to persist in efforts to root out those operators who are not acting in accordance with Pennsylvania laws and potentially endangering the lives and health of Commonwealth residents, along with our environment,” she said.

Taylor said the truck violations found ran the gamut mechanical issues to overweight trucks. Driver citations included drivers operating without a proper license and drivers who were operating without enough rest or working too many hours in a day.

A list of what trucking companies were cited was not available by the state police or DEP.

A statement from the executive director of the Marcellus Shale Coalition, a pro-drilling organization, said steps have been taken and will continue to be taken to reduce gas-related truck traffic.

Copyright: Times Leader

The Luzerne County legislator has higher hopes for another bill related to drilling.

By Andrew M. Sederaseder@timesleader.com
Times Leader Staff Writer

State Rep. Phyllis Mundy said her proposal to establish a one-year moratorium on the issuance of new permits for drilling in the Marcellus Shale formation is well intentioned, but she does not believe it has the support of enough of her colleagues to be passed this year.

“The moratorium bill is a long shot,” Mundy, D-Kingston, said on Thursday, responding to questions related to two bills and a resolution she introduced on Wednesday. The three were referred Thursday to the state House Committee on Environmental Resources and Energy.

House Bill 2608 would prohibit natural gas drilling companies that use fracking, or horizontal drilling, from drilling wells within 2,500 feet of a primary source of supply for a community water system, such as a lake or reservoir. The current restriction is only 100 feet.

That bill gained the largest number of cosponsors, including the other six state representatives who serve Luzerne County: Karen Boback, R-Harveys Lake; Mike Carroll, D-Avoca; Eddie Day Pashinski, D-Wilkes-Barre; Todd Eachus, D-Butler Township; Jim Wansacz, D-Old Forge; and John Yudichak, D-Plymouth Township. In total, the bill has 47 cosponsors, and Mundy.

She said that legislation has the best chance of being approved, but it will likely have to be offered as an amendment to another bill.

House Resolution 864, if approved, would urge the U.S. Congress to pass the Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals (FRAC) Act. The resolution urges Congress to repeal a provision in the federal Safe Drinking Water Act, known as the “Halliburton loophole,” that exempts oil and gas drilling industries from restrictions on hydraulic fracturing near drinking water sources.

The act would also require oil and gas industries to disclose all hydraulic fracturing chemicals and chemical constituents currently considered proprietary rights of the company.

That resolution has the support of Mundy and 43 of her colleagues who signed on as cosponsors. Eachus, Pashinski, Wansacz and Boback were the other Luzerne County representatives who signed on as cosponsors.

House Bill 2609 seeks to establish a one-year moratorium on the issuance of new natural gas drilling permits, which Mundy said would give state officials more time to analyze the drilling industry and ensure proper protections are in place and if they’re not, what measures should be enacted.

That bill received the cosponsor support of 18 of Mundy’s colleagues, but of her fellow Luzerne County Caucus members, only Pashinski signed his name as a cosponsor. Two Lackawanna County-based state House members signed on, Kevin Murphy, D-Scranton, and Ed Staback, D-Sturges. They were among a handful of House members who signed their names as cosponsors to all three measures.

Mundy’s opponent in November, Republican Bill Goldsworthy, said the 20-year lawmaker is using Marcellus Shale exploration “to help her re-election campaign.”

“First Ms. Mundy votes to increase spending and pay for it with a new tax on gas drilling, then turns around and calls for that drilling to stop. This is the type of political double-talk that has gotten our state where we are today,” said Goldsworthy in a written statement.

Goldsworthy, the mayor of West Pittston, said he supports gas exploration, as long as it is done in an environmentally responsible manner.

“I do not think a moratorium would pass the House at this point, let alone the Senate. Perhaps a few more disasters will change people’s minds,” Mundy said, continuing to voice frustration with the way things work in Harrisburg that she expressed at a House Transportation Committee field hearing in Scranton two weeks ago. At that time, speaking about the gaping hole in the transportation budget and the state of disrepair of hundreds of roadways and bridges throughout the state, she quipped “We in Pennsylvania don’t do anything unless there’s a crisis.”

In addition to Mundy, Pashinski, Staback and Murphy, only 14 representatives signed their names as cosponsors on all three pieces.

Copyright: Times Leader

He tells symposium Pa.’s “bureaucratic BS” is limiting operations.

PLAINS TWP. – To hear John Baen describe it, Pennsylvania is like an awkward, naive suitor, dithering over the details so much that it’s stumbling on the walk to the front door and turning off its hot date: natural gas drillers.

The industry has recently increased its complaints about what it sees as the state’s excessive regulatory procedures – or “bureaucratic BS,” as Baen put it on Wednesday – that are souring hopes to ramp up drilling in the potentially lucrative Marcellus Shale about a mile under much of northern and western Pennsylvania, among other states.

Keeping things green is important, the real-estate expert and University of North Texas professor said, but not as much as making some green. “I know you’re sensitive to your environment and all that, but it’s four acres (disturbed for drilling) out of 5,000” acres that are then producing gas, he said. “Would you allow a drilling rig in your back yard? … It depends on what they’re willing to pay you extra.”

Baen was one of three gas industry experts speaking at a Marcellus Shale Symposium hosted by the Joint Urban Studies Center at the Woodlands Inn & Resort. The center, a partnership of local colleges and universities, provides economic research for regional planning.

The experts were brought in to discuss their impressions from the proliferation of drilling in the Barnett Shale, a similar gas-filled rock formation in north Texas. Though concerns were addressed, such as potential environmental damage and likely workforce shortages, sanguine profiteering was emphasized repeatedly.

William Brackett, the managing editor of an influential Barnett Shale newsletter, noted the local job market and economy ballooned 50 percent in 2007 to 83,823 jobs and an $8.2-billion economic benefit. The same good fortune is befalling rural Pennsylvania farmers who were near destitute, he said. “All the sudden, they get a new barn and are able to send their kids to college.”

Of all the speakers, the most subdued in his support of the industry was Matt Sheppard, a director of corporate development for Oklahoma-based Chesapeake Energy, which sponsored the symposium. Though natural gas drilling has been in the state for decades, it has lain pretty low, he said. “This is not an industry that has done a great job of talking about things, explaining things,” he said. “We’re here for one reason, and that is that Americans are demanding cleaner energy right now. … And the truth is we’re not going to the other way.”

The presenters said the industry is looking for straightforward rules like in other states, which have standardized drilling manuals and few other regulatory hoops. But despite Baen’s dire predictions that drillers might pull up stakes, Sheppard assured his company was likely sticking it out.

“At Chesapeake, we’re big believers in organized development,” he said. “You’re not going to see a lot of companies come in here and drill one well and leave. … You invest this amount of money in a state, you’re going to be around a while.”

Copyright: Times Leader

Land in the Back Mountain complex will not be disturbed, since the approach is horizontal.

By Steve Mocarskysmocarsky@timesleader.com
Staff Writer

LEHMAN TWP. – Board members who oversee the Back Mountain Recreation Complex will certainly appreciate any revenue derived from a natural gas lease if local Marcellus Shale development is successful, but that’s not why they approved the lease, according to the board president.

“All of the adjacent landowners to our property I believe did sign leases with Marcellus Shale companies,” said board President Richard Coslett, a dentist practicing in Shavertown, Kingston Township.

Because it was expected that natural gas drilling would be going on all around the organization’s 130-acre property, there was no reason not to sign a lease with Chief Oil & Gas, Coslett said. “But there will be no well drilling on the property &hellip absolutely not.”

“Our land is there for one purpose – for the recreational enjoyment of residents of the Back Mountain,” he said.

Back Mountain Recreation will receive a bonus payment of $12.50 per acre and, if natural gas is extracted from the land beneath the complex, the organization will receive 20 percent royalty payments.

Coslett said that money would go right back into developing the complex.

Coslett said the lease gives permission to Chief Oil & Gas to drill horizontally deep underneath the organization’s property without disturbing the surface. “Now, on the other properties, I can’t speak for that,” he said.

EnCana Oil & Gas is proposing to drill just over a mile from the complex on property owned by Lake Township Supervisor Amy Salansky and her husband, Paul.

There was “very concerned discussion” among the board members about the safety of children and adults who use the complex if natural gas wells were drilled on nearby property, Coslett said.

“We see what happened to the roads in the Northern Tier counties; we heard the stories of water being contaminated in the Northern Tier. Myself and the board are very concerned about those things happening here also,” Coslett said.

And, of course, the thought of an explosion on property near the complex similar to the natural gas well blowout in Clearfield County on June 3 would be enough to make any Back Mountain recreational enthusiast shudder.

But Coslett is hopeful state officials will make sure adequate regulatory safeguards are in place before drilling begins anywhere near the complex.

“I really think there is a lot of emotional information out there right now,” Coslett said. “I can understand both sides of the issue. Hopefully, the facts will come out.”

The organization is in the process of a multiphase development. A lacrosse field and two soccer fields opened in summer 2007. They were dedicated in May 2008 as Edward Darling Field, Flack Field and Pride Field.

Two more full-size soccer fields and two mid-size soccer fields were completed in fall 2008 and opened for use last fall. The fields are currently used by Back Mountain Youth Soccer and Back Mountain Lacrosse. A football field, used by the Back Mountain Youth Football and Cheerleading League, is the most recent addition.

The fields lie on about 40 acres of the complex dedicated to organized recreational activities, Coslett said. But the board wants to develop part of the remaining 90 acres for passive recreational activities such as hiking and biking trails and other activities.

Copyright: Times Leader

An organization funded by the natural gas industry disputes the HBO film’s conclusions.

By Steve Mocarskysmocarsky@timesleader.com
Staff Writer

After Josh Fox was offered nearly $100,000 to lease his 20 acres in Wayne County to a gas company, he heard two different accounts – one, a story of easy money, the other a tale of horror.

The 37-year-old independent filmmaker set out to find the truth about natural gas drilling, and his conclusions can be seen in his documentary film “Gasland,” to air on HBO at 9 p.m. on Monday.

And while representatives of the gas industry call the film a piece of propaganda filled with exaggerations and inaccuracies, Fox stands by his work and says it’s the industry’s response that is propaganda.

In a phone interview Thursday afternoon, as he was getting ready for a special screening of the documentary at the HBO Theater in New York City that night, Fox said a land man with a gas company told him in 2008 that the company probably wouldn’t even drill on the land. But he heard from others that environmentally, gas drilling was “very polluting.”

“There was such a disparity between what was being said and what was being offered, I needed to see with my own eyes,” Fox said.

So, Fox set out for the village of Dimock in Susquehanna County to talk with folks whose well water was polluted by natural gas migration from leaking gas wells.

“It was completely a disaster area. There were Halliburton trucks swarming everywhere. Water was bubbling and fizzing; some you could light on fire. There was a feeling of regret and betrayal in the air,” Fox said.

Residents were unaware of the contamination until Norma Fiorentino’s water well exploded on Jan. 1, 2009, Fox said.

The state Department of Environmental Protection fined the drilling company and ordered the wells capped.

Fox visited 23 other states where natural gas drilling was taking place. He interviewed people whose health and quality of life were negatively impacted; scientists, one of whom warns of the dangers of drinking water infused with chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing (commonly called fracking), which releases the gas from the underground shale formations; and government officials on both sides of the issue.

One of the officials Fox interviewed was DEP Secretary John Hanger, who minimized the negative effects of fracking but refused to drink a glass of water from an affected well, according to a synopsis of the film on the HBO website.

On the same day as a special screening of the film in Montrose earlier this month, Energy in Depth – a gas-industry-funded organization, released an alert on its website entitled “Debunking Gasland,” pulling out numerous quotes from the movie and disputing them.

Energy In Depth claimed that Fox was “misstating the law” when he said that a 2005 energy bill exempted the oil and gas industry from the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, the Superfund law and other regulations. The industry is regulated under every single one of those laws, said Energy In Depth spokesman Chris Tucker.

The organization states that Fox was “flat-out making stuff up” when he said the Pinedale Anticline and Jonah gas fields of Wyoming are directly in the path of a 1,000-year-old migration corridor of pronghorn antelope, mule deer and sage grouse, each species of which is endangered.

Energy in Depth countered that three species of the pronghorn are endangered and none are found near the Pinedale Anticline, citing the Great Plains Nature Center; that only mule deer from New Mexico, noting that mule deer are so plentiful in Wyoming, there is a mule deer hunting season; and citing a U.S. Fish and Wildlife report stating that the sage grouse is not on the endangered list and there are “robust populations” of the bird in Wyoming.

Fox also blamed an algae bloom that killed fish and other aquatic life in Dunkard Creek in Washington County on natural gas development, Tucker said. But DEP reports show the bloom was caused by coal mine drainage.

The organization also cites a reference in the documentary to Colorado resident Lisa Bracken, who reported to environmental regulators occurrences of natural gas in the West Divide Creek, which she believed was related to natural gas drilling. “Fox blames methane occurrence in West Divide Creek, Colo., on natural gas development,” the release states.

Energy In Depth published links to reports on the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission website that showed the methane was naturally occurring. Tucker said those reports were available long before “Gasland” was released.

Theo Stein, communications director for the Colorado Department of Natural Resources, said a commission investigation revealed that the methane Bracken reported bubbling in her beaver ponds near the creek was naturally occurring swamp gas from rotting vegetation.

Stein confirmed, however, that about a quarter-mile upstream, some methane gas was still present from a gas migration into the creek from a leak in a well drilled in 2004 by EnCana Oil & Gas, the company that will begin drilling in Luzerne County next month. EnCana received the largest fine in Colorado’s history for allowing that leak to occur.

Tucker, who is a native of Kingston Township and has been closely following the development of the Marcellus Shale in Northeastern Pennsylvania, said the press release was addressing only Bracken’s claims in the documentary. He was unfamiliar with the incident involving EnCana and said the issue alert was not meant to be misleading.

Copyright: Times Leader

MATTHEW TODD VINE Times Leader Intern

HAZLETON – Local businesses eager to get in on the Marcellus Shale gas drilling bonanza will have a chance to hear about opportunities on Tuesday.

That’s when the Northeast Pennsylvania Manufacturers and Employers Association will hold a combined Schuylkill/Luzerne CEO roundtable at the Top of the 80’s restaurant on Route 93 to talk about Marcellus Shale development with a focus on manufacturing jobs.

Darlene Robbins, president of the association, said that about 25 member companies were registered for the event by Wednesday.

“Our purpose of the event is to provide the discussion to the companies,” Robbins said, “about the services that are available with this Marcellus Shale development.”

Robbins said the businesses already registered include service providers, universities, workforce development agencies and electrical contractors.

According to the Marcellus Shale Coalition, based in Canonsburg, an industry funded study by The Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering in the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University found 44,000 jobs already created in the state and projected more than 200,000 direct and indirect jobs would be added by 2020.

The potential jobs include site construction, well production, pipe manufacturing and transportation.

The Marcellus Shale is a layer of sedimentary rock about a mile underground that contains natural gas. This layer underlies much of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, and parts of New York, Ohio, Maryland, Virginia. Drilling is just getting started in Luzerne County, and companies have leased thousands of acres, mostly in the northern and western sections of the county.

Copyright: Times Leader

MARC LEVY Associated Press Writer

HARRISBURG — A key piece of the state’s approach to controlling water pollution from Pennsylvania’s fast-expanding natural gas drilling activity cleared a major hurdle Thursday.

The Independent Regulatory Review Commission voted 4-1 over the objections of the gas industry to approve the Rendell administration’s proposal to prevent pollutants in briny drilling wastewater from further tainting public waterways and household drinking water. State environmental officials say too much of the pollutants can kill fish and leave an unpleasant salty taste in drinking water drawn from rivers.

“Drilling wastewater is incredibly nasty wastewater,” state Environmental Protection Secretary John Hanger said after the vote at the panel’s public meeting. “If we allow this into our rivers and streams, all the businesses in Pennsylvania will suffer … all those who drink water in Pennsylvania are going to be angry and they would have every reason to be, and all of those who fish and love the outdoors are going to say, ‘What did you do to our fish and our outdoors?”’

The vote comes at the beginning of what is expected to be a gas drilling boom in Pennsylvania. Exploration companies, armed with new technology, are spending billions to get into position to exploit the rich Marcellus Shale gas reserve, which lies underneath much of the state.

The rule would put pressure on drillers to reuse the wastewater or find alternative methods to treat and dispose of the brine, rather than bringing more truckloads of it to sewage treatment plants that discharge into waterways where millions get drinking water.

The rule is designed to take effect Jan. 1. However, the Republican-controlled Senate, a key counterweight to Democratic Gov. Ed Rendell, could delay that if it votes to oppose the rule.

The drilling industry, as well as a range of business groups and owners, opposes the rule, calling it costly, confusing, arbitrary and rushed during more than three hours of testimony before the regulatory review commission.

Some, including a representative of the state’s coal industry, said they were worried about how it would affect different industries that also produce polluted water.

Water utilities, environmental advocates and outdoor recreation groups lined up behind it.

With drilling companies poised to sink thousands of wells in Pennsylvania, state environmental officials worried that its waterways would become overwhelmed with pollutants. They began writing the new rule last year.

Conventional sewage treatment plants and drinking water treatment plants are not equipped to remove the sulfates and chlorides in the brine enough to comply with the rule.

In addition, the chlorides can compromise the ability of bacteria in sewage treatment plants to break down nitrogen, which can be toxic to fish, environmental officials say.

Currently, a portion of the massive amounts of brine being generated by well drilling is entering the state’s waterways through sewage treatment plants, and that flow would be unaffected by the rule.

Once the rule takes effect, a treatment plant would have to get state approval to process additional amounts of drilling wastewater beyond what it already is allowed, or ensure that it was pretreated by a specialized method that removes sulfates and chlorides.

Hanger said no other industry will be affected and he has worked to incorporate the concerns of business groups that have had more than a year to scrutinize the administration’s plans. The companies, he said, are making more than enough money to pay for alternative treatment methods.

Copyright: Times Leader

Chief to offer “substantial” cash, says solicitor, who wants to see land involved, right-of-way agreement.

By Steve Mocarskysmocarsky@timesleader.com
Staff Writer

and Rebecca Briarbria@timesleader.com
Staff Writer

DALLAS TWP. – An oil and natural gas company has asked township officials if it can lay pipeline underneath township property in return for money.

Two officials from Chief Oil and Gas attended the supervisors meeting Tuesday evening in search of an answer as to whether they can lay pipeline under a parcel of township-owned land.

Supervisor Glenn Howell said the land is along a gravel road off the Old Tunkhannock Highway. The gravel road leads to a Little League field and some other things, he said.

Township solicitor Thomas Brennan confirmed the company is offering “a substantial amount” of money to the township to lay the pipeline, though Brennan would not disclose the amount.

Brennan said there is no question about the legality of allowing the company to lay the pipe underneath township land. However, he said he first wants to take a look at the land to know what is involved.

The officials from the company also are wondering what they would have to do if they wanted to lay pipe under or along the township’s right-of-way. They said more than 20 miles of pipeline is planned coming from the north and terminating east of Dallas High School.

Brennan asked if the officials could provide a copy of the agreement they have with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation regarding their right-of-way usage. Brennan told the officials that he would have more information for them at the next supervisors meeting on July 6.

Earlier on Tuesday, township Zoning Officer Len Kozick said he’s heard from property owners in the township that they are being offered right-of-way agreements as well. And at least one agreement has already been signed.

According to Luzerne County property records, Leonard DeLeur, who owns Back to Basics – a fireplace and stove shop in Dallas – leased a 50-foot right-of-way along the edge of his 24-acre property in the township.

DeLeur said Chief offered him $20 per foot of pipeline laid on his property.

Kristi Gittins, vice president, Chief Oil & Gas, said a definite path has not been chosen for a pipeline, and one won’t be chosen until wells are drilled. She said no imminent drilling is planned for Luzerne County; the company’s next two wells will be drilled in Sullivan and Wyoming counties.

Josh Longmore, director of the Luzerne Conservation District, confirmed that drilling is slated to begin on his father’s land in Monroe Township, Wyoming County, in mid-July. His father, Robert Longmore, has a lease allowing Chief to drill on his 97-acre farm near Noxen Township.

Chief, which has 75 wells drilled in 10 counties, has wells in Lycoming, Bradford and Susquehanna counties that are producing gas, but there’s currently no way to get it to market. Gittins said gas is going to market from only about half of Chief’s wells in the Northeast because it takes a while to build a pipeline infrastructure where none previously existed.

Gittins said it costs about $1 million a mile to lay pipeline. And lease holders don’t see any royalty money until the gas gets to market.

Gittins said that Chief is selectively seeking leases in Luzerne County, but only in the area of currently leased land, she said. The company has leased a few properties in Fairmount Township. The Dallas, Texas-based company has 650,000 acres leased in Pennsylvania and West Virginia, she said.

In other business, supervisors awarded a bid for a paving and drainage project on Main and Campground roads to Popple Construction, the lowest bidder, at $147,530 for Main Road and $56,642.33 for Campground Road.

Supervisors Vice Chairman Frank Wagner previously said the project will consist of paving Main Road from the Kingston Township line to Route 309, as well as all of Campground Road.

Also, George Stolarick, who said he has lived on Ridge Street for the past 45 years, asked the supervisors to consider paving his road. Stolarick said that although there are only three houses on his road, eight families use the road to access their homes.

But, Supervisors Chairman Phil Walter said “it’s not in the cards right now.”

Rebecca Bria, a Times Leader staff writer, may be reached at 970-7436. Steve Mocarsky, a Times Leader staff writer, may be reached at 970-7311.

Copyright: Times Leader